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A critical vulnerability has been found in Zorlan SkyCaiji 2.9. This issue affects the previewAction function in the file vendor/skycaiji/app/admin/controller/Tool.php. The vulnerability allows server-side request forgery (SSRF), which can be exploited remotely.

An SSRF vulnerability lets attackers make unauthorized requests from the server. This can lead to data leaks, system compromise, or access to internal networks. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, making it a significant security threat.

What is Zorlan SkyCaiji?

Zorlan SkyCaiji is a web scraping and data collection tool. It helps users extract data from websites and process it automatically. Since it interacts with external URLs, a vulnerability like SSRF is particularly dangerous. Attackers can manipulate web requests to gain unauthorized access to internal services.

What is Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)?

SSRF is a security flaw where an attacker tricks a server into making unintended requests. These requests can be sent to external websites or internal systems. The attacker controls the target URL, allowing them to:

• Access internal network resources.
• Retrieve sensitive data.
• Bypass security controls.
• Interact with cloud metadata services (leading to server takeover).

Understanding the Vulnerability

Location of the Vulnerability

The flaw exists in the previewAction function of the file Tool.php. This function processes user input, including URLs.

Problem with the Code

The function does not properly validate or restrict the URLs it processes. This allows attackers to send requests to unintended locations.

Attack Process

1. The attacker provides a malicious data argument containing a URL.
2. The application processes this input without restriction.
3. The server sends a request to the attacker’s chosen destination.
4. The attacker can use this to:
   • Probe internal services.
   • Steal sensitive information.
   • Exploit other vulnerabilities in the internal network.

Impact of the Vulnerability

Since the attack can be performed remotely, it poses a serious security risk. The main impacts include:

1. Internal Network Exposure
   • Attackers can interact with internal services that should not be publicly accessible.
   • Sensitive databases, APIs, or admin panels may be accessed.
2. Data Theft
   • Attackers can request internal files and leak sensitive information.
   • Cloud services like AWS can be targeted to steal credentials.
3. Security Bypass
   • Firewalls and access controls can be bypassed.
   • Services meant to be private become exposed.
4. Denial of Service (DoS)
   • Attackers can flood a server with requests, leading to crashes.

How This Vulnerability is Exploited

Since the exploit is publicly disclosed, attackers can easily take advantage of it. Below is a general exploitation scenario:

Example Exploit Scenario

1. Attacker Inputs a Malicious URL
   • The attacker sends a request to previewAction with a crafted URL.
   • Example: http://target.com/previewAction?data=http://internal-service.local.
2. Server Processes the Request
   • The vulnerable function processes the request and fetches data from the attacker’s chosen URL.
3. Attacker Gathers Information
   • The response may include internal system details.
   • The attacker can map the internal network.
4. Further Exploitation
   • The attacker identifies valuable services (e.g., a database server) and exploits them.

Mitigation Strategies

Since the vulnerability is public, immediate action is necessary to secure affected systems.

1. Update Software

• Check for security patches from Zorlan SkyCaiji.
• Apply updates that fix the SSRF vulnerability.

2. Input Validation

• Restrict user input to allow only safe URLs.
• Use whitelisting to limit requests to trusted domains.
• Reject requests to internal IP addresses.

3. Disable Unnecessary Features

• If previewAction is not essential, disable it.
• Limit access to only authorized users.

4. Monitor and Log Requests

• Keep logs of requests made by the application.
• Look for unusual or repeated access attempts.

5. Use Network Controls

• Restrict external requests using firewalls.
• Prevent access to internal services from untrusted sources.

Broader Implications of SSRF Attacks

SSRF is a common vulnerability that has affected many applications, including:

• Cloud services (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud, Azure).
• Web applications (e.g., banking sites, data scrapers).
• Content management systems (e.g., WordPress, Joomla).

Developers must implement strong security practices to prevent SSRF vulnerabilities. Proper input validation, network restrictions, and monitoring are critical defenses.

Conclusion

The Zorlan SkyCaiji 2.9 SSRF vulnerability is a serious security risk. Attackers can exploit the previewAction function to send unauthorized requests. This can lead to data leaks, internal network access, and security bypasses.

Since the exploit is publicly available, affected users must apply patches, validate inputs, and strengthen network security immediately. Proper security measures can prevent attackers from abusing this vulnerability and protect critical systems from compromise.